About the Author: Satis Shroff

THE POT NEVER MELTS I (Satis Shroff)

ONCE upon a time in a country sandwiched between two great ponds: the Atlantic and the Pacific, there was a big nation of migrants who called themselves Americans. Since the country was ravishingly beautiful but wild, and without infrastructures, millions of people from Europe decided to overtake the continent and create a new white society. They constructed a melting pot theory in which all Europeans (later other earth dwellers too) were to be put in the pot. The melting pot revolutionized the foreigners who entered the melting pot, which carried the name: the United States of America. The motley foreigners were expected to be easily dissolved. They could also be dissolved into tears because the very idea was against human nature.

People from diverse nations were expected to set up an American civilization together. That was the path (The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost, 1916) America had chosen. The Native Americans had no other choice but to subdue and be a part of American history, which was written according to the dictates of the white mainstream. They were swept by the great migratory current from the Atlantic Ocean, which brought European settlers eager to eke out a new living in the west because they had nothing much to eat du to Potato Blight. They conquered the wilderness, and its natives, to become colonial masters and give a characteristic shape to the history of Canada, USA and South America. It might be noted that the map of Europe, with its different nations, was also a product of many migrations in the continent.

I met the American writer Ishmael Reed at the Freiburger University's Peterhof cellar, Niemen Strasse 10, for the second time. He was in Freiburg in 1992 with a group of American writers who came formerly from South Asian, Afro-American and Hispanic backgrounds, that is, multicultural authors belonging to the US mainstream out to do 'a striptease of the soul' as one writer put it. Among the writers were: Clark Blaise, a French-Canadian writer married to Bharati Mukerjee, a writer and NY socialite of Indian descent. Then there was J.A. Phillips who wrote about American and Caribbean culture. Ishmael Reed was then associated with new vodooism and was billed as a humorous writer.

On Ishmail Reed: Today, Reed is together with Toni Morrison, one of the pre-eminent African American literary figures, most widely reviewed since Ralph Ellison, and also just as controversial as Samuel Delany and the late Amiri Baraka.

Ishmail Reed said: ' I used to be a discipline problem, which caused me embarrasment until I realized that being a discipline problem in a racist society is sometimes an honour.'

Reed's first novel was 'The Free-Lance Pallbearers (1967) and so far he has written seven novels, four books of poetry, two collections of essays and numerous reviews. His works are multicultural, revolutionary, vivid and contain a deep awareness of mythic archetypes.

Freedom from social, political and religious repression was the cause of migration of people from Egypt to the days of the sailing ships like the 'Mayflower' and the flight of the Hugenotts from a France which was ruled by Ludwig XIV to England, as well as the migration of Jews from Hitler's Third Reich. Then came the Korean and Vietnam wars, followed by the Balkan War (Sebrenica), the conflicts in the Hindukush (Afghanistan) in which the Soviets were involved first, and later the USA, the war in Iraq culminating in the bombardment of Syria.

In the two wars in Afghanistan and Iraq alone 250,000 people were killed. In Afghanistan the Tabibans are at the moment about to take over the power after President Trump made a hurried deal with the Talibans. Osama bin Laden was killed in Abbottabad (Pakistan) by the US Seals. Cuba wants Guantanamo back together with financial compensation. If it hadn't been for China, the USA would have experienced a financial collapse in 2008 during the Lehmann-crisis. The IS terror is spread like a Prarie wildfire in Africa and Syria and even though the leader has been killed by the USA using drones, they are still a danger to the free democratic world. The rich Arabs from the UAE and Saudi Arabia are also engaged in arming themselves to the teeth with the newest nuclear technology acquired from businessman-cum-President Trump, who regards the rich Arabs as allies. The problem is what would happen if the ISIS got hold of these weapons after a battle? The USA has lost its power and influence as a world policeman after it withdrew from North Syria and its bringing its boys back home to the States and has piqued its Nato allies often enough with his America First programme, which really hasn’t reached the take-off state. Putin's Russia has annexed Crimea and has no intention of giving it back to the Ukranianas. The Ukranians are gradually receiving military assistance from the reluctant US and Nato countries but Trump has used it as a pawn over the Ukranian issue and Biden’s so-called involvement, which turned out to be a hoax and bitter lie concocted in Washington by Trump and his Republicans.

Myth of Racism: All humans, whether from the northern or southern hemisphere, have the same physical traits and there are no pure racial types, with the same set of chromosomes. It is interesting to note that ethnologically speaking, all existing races have been fairly thoroughly mixed. Races don't have psychological innate traits. Hitler's theory of a superior Aryan race has long been declared as unscientific by anthropologists and medical scientists. People look different due to their situation over time and environment, and not to anything inborn. Variations in the colour of hair, skin and eyes are due to differences in the amount of the dark pigment melanin, which even causes the blueness of the eyes, when overlain with unpigmented tissues which diffract light.

Racial and social barriers have broken with globalisation. In Brasil, almost half of the genes in the Black population group are of European origin, and in the Americans of African origin the proportion is a quarter.

Racism, the doctrine that one race is inherently superior or inferior to others, is a myth and is the cause of racial prejudice, and is a vulgar superstition believed by the eternally ignorant colonialists and their kind. Education enlightens, and is the only answer to such atrocious, inhuman behaviour and line of thinking.

The Melting Pot, Salad Bowl, US Mosaic, American Pizza, Cultural Pluralism: It is a fact that the US has been, and still is, a country dominated by the whites. In 1776 the founding fathers of the USA chose the motto: 'E pluribus unum.' Out of many, one. These words were to be on the seal of the United States of America, a union of former colonies, the amalgamation of a new nation, thanks to the European enlightenment. In the Declaration of Independence were the words 'All men are created equal' but men in those days meant 'whites only.' Native Americans, Inuiits and African Americans were excluded from this exalted deal.

It was Dr. Martin Luther King, who led civil rights demonstrators, who made their way from Selma to Montgomery on March 22, 1965 in Alabama, who showed moral courage and the non-violent method practiced against the British Raj by Mahatma Gandhi in India, that paved the way for better rights of the underdogs of the American society. The African Americans showed respect for American law and democracy on this day. It was ironical to witness this in a nation built on slave labour after hundreds of years of oppression at the hands of the white mainstream. King finished his speech with the words of the movement's anthem: 'we shall overcome.' When he was finally allowed to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge and made his way to Montgomery with his tired marchers, he said: 'The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice.' In the aftermath of the injustice and racial-tageted problems in Ferguson, and now Tulsa, Oklahoma, it is hoped that justice will be meted out correctly, otherwise the body-cameras which conjour George Orwell's '1984' would be a farce in this world of multimedia justice.

On the other hand, the two million Native American Indians and Inuit people in the USA have had more autonomy, and have had it longer, than their Canadian or Latin American counterparts. Although the US Supreme Court declared that the tribes were 'domestic dependent nations in 1831, that status was largely fiction. Self-government without development gave the Native Americans the responsibility to administer their own property and poverty. Native Americans have the shortest life-spans, highest infant mortality rate, highest school dropout rate and enormous problems than any ethnic group in the USA. Why doesn't the USA sent out Peace Corps volunteers to the American Indian camps, why only to the outside world?

As people and cultures evolve they become more and more distinctive, and diversity works as a function of social evolution. Unity in diversity is what we all strive for in the name of progress and mutual protection. Making and taking the best out of the uniqueness of the diverse population of a nation, and turning it to a blessing by using the people's unique talents and abilities is the future of the USA, UK, European Union and other nations with democracy as its leitmotif. As Crevecoeur observed in 1782, in America 'individuals of all nations are melted into a new American race.' Scott London rightly looks upon the hybridization of America as 'a source of great promise.' According to him, the future belongs to the mestizo: the person who straddles many different worlds and can help explain them to each other.

America reinvents itself: It uses the alchemy of the melting pot and turns 'them' into 'us.' The secret? Motion, dynamics, new genetic combinations, traditions, rituals, communal living, absorption into the American society's different layers. The story of the melting pot is one of earthly redemption with people from all over the world taking part in the American Dream, each according to his or her talent and qualification. Despite the fact that millions of strangers from all continents brought their contradictory genes and temperaments into the melting pot, what came out in the end was a polyglot melange that functioned well. There was kinetic energy gathering to mould a nation, as it had done throughout the past.

New Models: Meanwhile, the melting pot theory wasn't working and new models came: the Salad Bowl, American Mosaic, American Pizza and Cultural Pluralism. The Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPS) still run the mainstream but many citizens from the Salad Bowl are successful and respected society members and future actors in the US political scenario. True multiculturalism still hasn't reached the hearts and mind of the people. 'Yes we can,' said President Obama. President Obama's poetic speeches made the Republican majority in Congress even more thickheaded and they blocked his political moves where ever they could. The question is whether Hillary Clinton can do better with her prose-text. She's clever, belongs to the white mainstream and knows the ropes in the White House administration, despite the negative press she received. And there are other candidates like Biden too.

Brain-drain from developing countries: Immigration causes also a brain drain in terms of well-trained professionals from industrially underdeveloped countries who leave for the USA or Europe in search of better jobs and living standards. The wage difference between the USA and its neighbour Mexico alone is 15 to 1. The risk of poverty in the USA is part of the bargain, whether the motivation is political or economic repression. Since the income tax   is lop sided, with tax-exemption and low taxes for the already rich, and higher taxes for those who earn little money, more and more white people sleep in the streets in Britain and the USA—bringing it to a level with cities like Kolkotta, Mumbai and Delhi. The pioneer days are long over and there's no redistribution of talent and money. Americans trickle to developing countries as peace corps and volunteers of other NGOs. The impact is minimal in comparison to the brain drain to the Europe or the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

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